Haƙuri da gano haɗin zaren
Manufar wannan babin shine fahimtar halayen musanyan zaren gama gari da kuma amfani da ma'aunin haƙuri.Abin da ake bukata na koyo shine fahimtar tasirin manyan kurakurai na geometric na zaren gama gari akan musayar;Kafa manufar zaren aikin diamita;Ta hanyar nazarin rarraba yankin jurewar zaren, ƙware halaye na haƙurin zaren gama gari da dacewa da zaɓin daidaiton zaren;Fahimtar abubuwan da ke shafar daidaiton motsi na dunƙule na'ura.
Nau'in zaren da buƙatun amfani
1, zaren talakawa
Yawancin lokaci ana kiransa zaren ɗamara, galibi ana amfani da shi don haɗawa da ɗaure sassa daban-daban na inji.Abubuwan buƙatun don amfani da irin wannan nau'in haɗin zaren sune screwability (saukin taro da rarrabawa) da amincin haɗin.
2. Zaren tuƙi
Irin wannan zaren yawanci ana amfani dashi don watsa motsi ko iko.Yin amfani da haɗin zaren yana buƙatar amincin ƙarfin da aka watsa ko kuma daidaiton ƙaura da aka watsa.
3. Zare mai tsauri
Ana amfani da irin wannan nau'in zaren don rufe haɗin gwiwa.Yin amfani da buƙatun zaren yana da matsewa, babu ɗigon ruwa, babu iska kuma babu ruwan mai.
5. Ma'aunin zaren
1. Cikakken ma'auni
Duba zaren tare da ma'aunin zaren babban ma'auni ne.A cikin samar da tsari, ana amfani da zaren gabaɗaya ta hanyar ma'auni mai mahimmanci. Ana aiwatar da ma'auni ta hanyar amfani da ma'aunin zaren (ma'auni mai iyaka) bisa ga ka'idojin cancantar diamita na zaren da aka gabatar a baya (ka'idar Taylor). An raba ma'aunin zaren zuwa "ma'aunin wucewa" da "ma'aunin tsayawa".Lokacin gwaji, "ma'aunin wucewa" na iya samun nasarar dunƙule tare da kayan aikin, kuma "ma'aunin tsayawa" ba zai iya jurewa ko cika dunƙule ba, to zaren ya cancanci.Akasin haka, "ma'aunin wucewa" ba za a iya jujjuya shi ba, yana nuna cewa goro ya yi ƙanƙara, kullin yana da girma, kuma zaren ya kamata a gyara.Lokacin da "ma'auni na tsayawa" zai iya wucewa ta wurin aiki, yana nufin cewa goro yana da girma sosai, ƙuƙwalwar ya yi ƙanƙara, kuma zaren kayan sharar gida ne.
2. Gano guda ɗaya
(1) Auna diamita na zaren tare da hanyar fil ukuHanyar fil uku ana amfani da ita galibi don auna matsakaicin diamita guda ɗaya na madaidaicin zaren waje (kamar ma'aunin toshe zaren, zaren zaren gubar, da sauransu).Yayin aunawa, sanya ma'aunin daidaitattun allura guda uku na diamita iri ɗaya a cikin ramukan zaren da aka auna bi da bi, kuma yi amfani da na'urar aunawa ta gani ko inji don auna nisan allurar M, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 9-9 (a).Dangane da sanannen filin P na zaren da aka auna da rabin kusurwa a/2 na nau'in hakori, ana ƙididdige diamita na tsakiya guda d2s na zaren da aka auna ta hanyar latsa tsarin.
2. Ma'auni guda ɗaya
Don manyan zaren talakawa masu girma, madaidaicin zaren da zaren tuƙi, ban da jujjuyawar haɗin kai da amincin haɗin gwiwa, akwai wasu daidaito da buƙatun aiki, kuma ana amfani da ma'auni guda gabaɗaya wajen samarwa.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don auna zaren guda ɗaya, mafi yawanci shine amfani da microscope na kayan aiki na duniya don auna diamita, farar da rabin kusurwar zaren.Ana amfani da microscope na kayan aiki don faɗaɗa bayanan zaren da aka auna kuma a auna farawar sa, rabin kusurwa da diamita na tsakiya bisa ga hoton zaren da aka auna, don haka ana kiran hanyar hanyar hoto.
A cikin ainihin samarwa, ana amfani da hanyar auna ma'aunin fil uku don auna tsakiyar diamita na zaren waje.Wannan hanya ce mai sauƙi, babban ma'aunin ma'auni kuma ana amfani da ita sosai
Takaitaccen bayani
1. Zaren gama gari
(1) Babban sharuɗɗan da sigogi na geometric na zaren yau da kullun sune: nau'in hakori na asali, babban diamita (D, d), ƙaramin diamita (D1, d1), diamita na tsakiya (D2, d2), diamita na tsakiya mai aiki, diamita ta tsakiya guda ɗaya ( D2a, d2a) ainihin diamita na tsakiya, farar (P), nau'in haƙori Angle (a) da nau'in haƙori rabin kusurwa (a/2), da tsayin dunƙule.
(2) Ma'anar matsakaicin diamita na aikin da yanayin cancanta na matsakaicin diamita
Girman matsakaicin matsakaicin aiki yana rinjayar spinability, kuma girman ainihin matsakaicin matsakaici yana rinjayar amincin haɗin gwiwa.Ko matsakaicin diamita ya cancanta ko a'a yakamata ya bi ka'idar Taylor, kuma duka ainihin matsakaicin matsakaici da diamita mai aiki ana sarrafa su a cikin yankin haƙuri na matsakaicin diamita.
(3) Matsayin haƙuri na gama gari A cikin ma'aunin haƙurin zare, an ƙayyadadden haƙurin d, d2 da D1, D2.Ana nuna matakan haƙuri daban-daban a cikin Tebur 9-1.Ba a kayyade juriya ga nau'in farar da haƙori (wanda ke sarrafa shi ta wurin jurewar diamita na tsakiya), kuma ba a kayyade haƙuri don ƙaramin diamita d na zaren waje da babban diamita D na zaren ciki.
(4) Babba na asali Ga zaren waje, ainihin karkacewar ita ce karkata ta sama (es), akwai e, f, g, h iri huɗu;Ga zaren ciki, ainihin karkata shine ƙananan karkata (El), akwai nau'ikan G da H guda biyu. Matsayin haƙuri da ainihin karkacewa shine yanki na haƙuri.Ma'auni na ƙasa yana ƙayyadaddun yankin haƙuri na gama gari, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Tebura 9-4.Gabaɗaya, yankin haƙuri da aka fi so da aka ƙayyade a cikin tebur ya kamata a zaɓi gwargwadon iyawa.An bayyana zaɓin yankunan haƙuri a cikin wannan babi.
(5) Tsawon dunƙule da madaidaicin sa
Tsawon dunƙule ya kasu kashi uku: gajere, matsakaici da tsayi, wanda lambar S, N da L ke nunawa, bi da bi.Ana nuna ƙimar a cikin Tebur 9-5
Lokacin da aka kayyade matakin haƙuri na zaren, tsawon tsayin dunƙule, mafi girman juzu'in farar sauti da karkacewar rabin kusurwar hakori na iya zama.Sabili da haka, zaren bisa ga matakin haƙuri da tsayin dunƙule yana da matakan daidaitattun matakai guda uku: daidaito, matsakaici da m.An kwatanta aikace-aikacen kowane madaidaicin matakin a cikin wannan babi.Tare da daidaito daidai matakin, yakamata a rage matakin haƙuri na zaren tare da haɓaka tsayin juyi (duba Table 9-4).
(6) An nuna alamar zaren a kan zane a cikin abubuwan da suka dace na wannan babin.
(7) Gano zaren ya kasu kashi-kashi na ganowa da ganowa guda ɗaya.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-20-2023